What is the difference between a motivation letter and a cover letter?

A cover letter focuses on how your skills and experience match a job; a motivation letter focuses more on why you want the opportunity and how it fits your goals. In practice, the two overlap, and in some countries the terms are used for the same document.

Main differences:

• Purpose: cover letters are mostly for jobs; motivation letters are common for study programmes, scholarships, internships and volunteering, as well as jobs in parts of Europe.
• Emphasis: cover letters lead with experience and results; motivation letters lead with reasons, interests and goals.
• Audience: admissions committees often read motivation letters; hiring managers read cover letters.

Both should be specific, one page, and backed by real examples. If a job advert in Germany or France asks for a motivation letter, write a well-tailored cover letter with a clear "why this company" section.