How do I decide between PDF and Word for each application without overthinking it?

Use a simple rule: follow the instruction; if there is none, send PDF; if a recruiter or agency asks, send Word.

A quick decision list:

• Advert or portal names a format: use it.
• Portal accepts both: upload your text-based PDF.
• Direct email to a hiring manager: attach PDF.
• Recruitment agency asks for editable CV: send Word.
• Form asks you to paste text: use plain text.

Keep all three versions ready (PDF, Word, plain text) during an active job search, and keep their content identical. That way each choice takes seconds.

Two final checks apply whatever you choose. Open the file once on your own device to confirm it is complete, and make sure the file name includes your full name, such as "Daniel-Okafor-CV.pdf". If you later learn that a particular employer or agency prefers a format, note it so you get it right next time.